Middle Earth - the real country of the Neogene period
Remains of disappeared civilizations
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Dear Readers,
I guess some you are already familiar with my publications that confirm the existence of late Miocene or probably mid Miocene – Pliocene rock-subterranean, or, as previously called, underground-terrestrial megalithic complex in various parts of the Mediterranean region (Turkey, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, Bulgaria, south of Russia). Many times did I also note a wide presence of this complex in Armenia, Jordan, Rumania, Montenegro, Italy, Spain, Portugal and other regions of the Mediterranean segment of the Alpine-Himalayan mountainous fold belt.
The complex is presented by largely ruined and weathered underground and cut in the rocks constructions – halls, chambers, galleries, tunnels, pools, wells, vertical and inclined pits with stairs, stone sculptures and bas-reliefs as well as by the ruins of megalithic walls and constructions. Even-aged wheel ruts (often called cart ruts) of some vehicles are also connected to the rock-subterranean complex; they are encountered plentifully on the Neogene planation surface in Central Turkey, in the Eocene limestones in the Crimea (brought out to the surface in the late Miocene), in the limestones of Malta (Miocene-Pliocene) and in other parts of the Mediterranean (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal and others), along with the petrified buildings’ footings, ditches, trenches, wells, graves and other constructions (Neogene period).
I mentioned in my works (Cenozoic mountain and fold belt and the Neogene underground-terrestrial megalithic complex, When were the rock and underground cities of the Mediterranean region built? Geologist’s viewpoint (thoughts on the Crimea expedition) and others), that such a large development of the Neogenic constructions in the Mediterranean segment of the Alpine-Himalayan mountain and fold belt is explained by its formation history. It began to uplift in the mid-Miocene (approx. 15 million years ago) after the collision of Africa and Arabia with Europe. At the boundary between mid and late Miocene (11 million years ago) its rising intensified significantly. The rising remained the same in the Pliocene (5,3-2,6 million years ago) and continues as of right now. As a result of a lasting uplift vast territories of the Alpine-Himalayan belt inherited the geographic peculiarities (mountain chains, valleys, lakes, rivers) of the late Miocene epoch.
Recently I received an unexpected confirmation of that from a geologist V. Zharkov from Syvtyvkar (employed by a mining-and-geological company Mireco), who is mapping the glacial sediments on the North of Russia. He told me that Paleo-Pechora and probably other northern rivers existed already in the late Miocene. Thus, the basic landscape elements in Eurasia had been established in the epoch of late Miocene.
Of course, the distribution between land and sea was different. The South of Eurasia (and Russia) was under the dwindling shallow-water ocean Paratethys (Sarmatian sea), which covered the existing lowlands and hollows.
Paratethys – ancient ocean (sea), stretched “from the Paris to Altay” in the early Cenozoic epoch. From the Tethys it was separated by the Alpes, Karpats, Tavr, and Caucasus. Formed around 35 million years ago and disappeared 5 million years ago (Messinian salinity crisis). Black, Caspian and Aral seas are the fragments of Paratethys. This ocean also included the Pannonian Sea on the territory of the modern Hungary. In ancient times the Paratethys was connected to the Mediterranean sea and Indian ocean.
25 million years ago the north of Paratethys was marked as the Maicopian sea, that stretched from France to the Aral sea.
14 – 10 million years ago (in the Miocene) the Paratethys closed up and turned into the isolated Sarmatian sea (from Austria to Turkmenia). The term Paratethys was introduced in 1924 by a Russian geologist Vladimir Laskarev.
Paratethys was a large shallow sea, stretching from the area located to the north of Alpes, around the Central Europe up to the Aral sea in the West Asia. The sea formed itself in the epoch of Oligocene (after 34 million years ago), when it was separated from the located on the south ocean Tethys by the formations of Alps, Dinarics, Taurus and Caucasian mountains. During its long existence the Paratethys repeatedly connected from time to time to the Tethys or its successors – the Mediterranean Sea or Indian Ocean. Beginning with the Pliocene epoch (after 5 million years ago), the Paratethys began quickly to shallow. Today’s Black, Caspian and Aral seas are the remains of Paratethys.
Source: http://ru.encydia.com
More to the south a semi-continental-peninsular land located that included the Zagros, Taurus, Pont, Caucasus, Crimea, Rhodope, Carpathian, Dinaric Alps and other mountains. To the south of it the relict part of Tethys with oceanic crust situated that was later named the Mediterranean Sea.
The southern semi-continental-peninsular region (whose modern analogy to some extent is Malay Peninsula and Sunda Islands) is associated with almost all exposures of the Neogenic rock-subterranean (underground-terrestrial megalithic) complex of the Mediterranean region. As was mentioned in the articles “Revived fantasy world. The ruins of towns of elves and dwarves in Central Turkey”, “When were the rock and underground cities of the Mediterranean region built? Geologist’s viewpoint”, “Who and when constructed the underground and rock cities in Cappadocia (Turkey)?” and others; some ruins of the Neogenic towns and fortresses resemble those of elves from the fantasy worlds, other ruins, destroyed by erosion and located underground, remind the cities of dwarves from the same moves, whereres some rock, underground and megalithic construction could be built by humans.
Comparing the geography (in the late Miocene) of the Mediterranean segment of Alpine-Himalayan mountainous fold belt with the areas of distribution of elvish, dwarfish, human civilizations as well as probably those of other rational beings in the Neogene, one can suggest that the southern semi-continental-peninsular land, that existed from the middle Miocene until the Pliocene, is indeed the mythical land of the Middle Earth from the fantasy movies.
Recently, due to the hint by geologist BN Golubov from the Institute of oceanology, I could finally see how this mythical land looked like. He recommended me to look for the “Atlas of lithological-palaegeographic maps of Paratethys”, comprised in 2004 by SV Popov, F Rögl, AU Rosanov, FF Steininger, IG Sherba and M Kovach. Atlas represents 10 coloured lithological-palaegeographical maps of the Mediterranean segment of Alpine-Himalayan mountain and fold belt from the late Eocene till the Pliocene, including 3 maps of the middle and late Miocene for the time intervals 14-13 million years ago, 12-11 million years ago, 8,5-7 million years ago. This time periods correspond to the carried out by me dating of the rock-subterranian complex of the Mediterranean region. That is why the described southern semi-continental-peninsular land on these maps, by all appearances, is the most reliable map of the Middle Earth as of today.
Have a look at it yourself! (14-13 million years; 12-11 million years; 8,5-7 million years; legend)
Posting of the present maps became possible only because of monumental efforts by SV Popov, F Rögl, AU Rosanov, FF Steininger, IG Sherba and M Kovach from the Palaeontological Institute of RAS and the Natural science Museum in Frankfurt-am-Main (Germany). I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to them.
To all the painters reading this article: I would like to suggest to create a more painterly map of the Middle Earth, where one could mark the explored by me cities of elves, dwarves and humans of that period. That would make up a great illustration for the history books, which would be hard to call in question due to its factual filling.
Раздел "Remains of Disappeared Civilizations"
© AV Koltypin, 2015
© P Zhurko, 2016 (translation)
We, A. Koltypin the authors of this work, and P Zhurko, the translator of this work hereby allow to use it for all unprohibited by current legislation goals provided that you indicate my authorship and insert hyperlink to http://dopotopa.com or http://earthbeforeflood.com
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